The name "atomic mass" is used for historical reasons, and originates from the fact that chemistry was the first science to investigate the same physical objects on macroscopic and microscopic levels. "Neither the name of the physical quantity, nor the symbol used to denote it, should imply a particular choice of unit." Molecular Weight, Atomic Weight, Weight vs.Incidentally, if you are interested in how water’s temperature can be influenced by dissolving substances in it, you can give this experiment a try.\) Taking into account the temperature in the laboratory, atmospheric pressure, and the pressure of the water vapor in the burette, you can calculate the equivalent mass of the metal using the correct formula with reasonable accuracy. Note the difference in initial and final water levels in the burette to measure how much gas was released. You will observe a noticeable release of hydrogen gas, which will force some of the water out of the burette. Cork the test tube and knock the zinc into the acid. Adjust the height of the funnel to bring the water level in the burette to “0”. Tilt the test tube and insert the piece of zinc, taking care not to let it touch the acid. Use the pipette to transfer a few milliliters of hydrochloric acid to the bottom of the test tube. The apparatus functions as a system of communicating vessels.įill the burette with water. The equivalent of zinc is determined using a burette connected via tubing to a funnel and a test tube. This method is based on measuring the volume of hydrogen released as the result of a reaction between a metal and an acid. If any acid accidentally touches the skin, rinse the affected area with running water and use baking soda to neutralize the acid. Also use a chemical respirator and protective glasses, as hydrochloric acid fumes are harmful to the respiratory system and eyes. Wear gloves when conducting the experiment. Hydrochloric acid is dangerous: it causes severe burns if it comes into contact with the skin. Remember that this solution cannot be prepared at home. Warning! Don’t try to conduct this experiment without professional supervision! But it must be performed with extreme caution: before performing any experiment, always read the necessary scientific literature and techniques of conducting experiments. This experiment is quite interesting, and can be used to demonstrate how to calculate the equivalent mass of a substance. Experiments to find the equivalent mass of a substance Click here to learn about some safe chemical experiments that dive deeper into this question. Let’s look at the equivalent mass for gold(III) oxide, with the formula Au₂O₃.įinding the equivalent of a salt is also simple: multiply the number of metal atoms by their oxidation state, then divide its molar mass by the result. It is easy to find the equivalent mass for oxides, for example: divide the molar mass of the compound by the valence of the non-oxygen element multiplied by its number of atoms. The formula for determining a substance’s equivalent mass depends on the class of the compound in question. Some guidelines for finding the equivalent of a substance The molar mass of a substance is just one of several parameters needed to correctly calculate equivalence. The molar mass of a substance is easy to determine: simply add up the molar masses of the atoms in the substance’s chemical formula. According to the classical definition, an equivalent of a substance is a conditional or real particle that can be equivalent in any way to a cation of hydrogen in ion exchange and acid-base reactions, or to an electron in redox reactions.Īny substance has several defining characteristics,Īnd its equivalent mass, indicated as M equ, is one of the most important of all. To start, let’s talk about what an equivalent of a substance is.
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