![]() ![]() AAs in this category include glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, as well as the sulfonic acid taurine. Some AAs may be classified as conditionally essential amino acids (CEAAs) because their rates of use may exceed their rates of synthesis under certain physiological conditions. Emerging evidence has indicated that dietary supplementation of NEAAs also may have beneficial effects on the growth performance, reproduction, health, and flesh quality of Nile tilapia that are fed plant-based diets. They also may be found in dietary protein and used for synthesizing tissue proteins as well as participating in various metabolic pathways. Those NEAAs traditionally have been classified as such because they can be synthesized in the body from precursor biochemicals. Thus, this review considers current AA recommendations for Nile tilapia and proposes refinements that may better serve the needs of the tilapia industry.Īnother group of AAs commonly referred to as dispensable or non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) includes alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. Emerging evidence indicates that not only essential but also some non-essential amino acids regulate growth performance, fillet yield, and flesh quality, as well as reproductive performance, gut morphology, intestinal microbiota, and immune responses. ![]() Increasing the inclusion of non-bound AAs into Nile tilapia diets may modify protein dynamics and influence AA requirements. ![]() Such approaches involve changes in diet ingredient composition with possible inclusions of non-bound essential and non-essential AAs. Currently, the expansion of precision AA nutrition diets for Nile tilapia is receiving more attention because of the demand for flexibility in widespread ingredient substitutions which will allow compliance with environmentally sustainable principles. This review finds that strain, size, basal diet composition, and assessment method may have contributed to the inconsistencies in AA recommendations. There are still inconsistencies in lysine, sulfur-containing AA, threonine, tryptophan, branched-chain AA, and total aromatic AA recommendations in data that have appeared since 1988. This review aims to consolidate the relevant published data exploring the amino acid (AA) requirements of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and to reach a new set of recommendations based on those data. ![]()
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